Sewerage system.



I. SHONE.

SEWEBAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 20, 1911. 1,108,01 1 Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

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ma m, wm um gw .UE Am fau. w ds f #Dbvn n m M@ .um ES www y HMH E SAP.RN IEN .ww so m u 1 u 1 w 0:. 6 8 6 O m J L 1 THE MORRIS PETERS CoPHON) l/tHo wmmmnnw n f I. SHONE. SEWBBAGB SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILEDAPB. 2o, 1911.

Patented Aug. 1'8, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

THE AORRIS PETERS CO.. PHcToilTHa. WASHINGTON. D4 c.

ISAAC SHONE, OF WESTMINSTER, LONDON, ENGLAND.

SEWERAGE' SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Pat-ent.

Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

`Application filed April 20, 1911. Serial No.,622,289.

To all whom it may concern.'

vBe it known that I, Isaac SHoNE, a subject of the King of England,residingv at lillestminster, London, S. lll., inthe county of Middlesex,Englanchdiave invented certain new and useful Improvements in andConnected with Sewerage Systems; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, andv exact description of the invention, such. aswill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same, reference being had to t-he accompanying drawings, and toletters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a pai-tofthis specification.

This invention has reference generally to sewerage systems, and to theirventilation, the terni.` 9 sewerage system being used to include themain and tributary sewers,

drains, soil pipes, and other conduitsor ap-4 paratus employedinconnection with them. j lllhile all are agreed as to the essentials ofthe hydraulics and pneumatics of drainage-namely their self-cleansingcharacter, and their ventilation-so thaty the air get-` ting into housesand existing in the vicinity of houses, and in the streets, shall not behurtful, yet, as a fact, the drainage systems and apparatus as atpresent employed are not such as attain these essentials; and theobjects and effects of the present invention have been to provide suchimprovements and methods or means as to fullil the requirements, and sorender these essentials attainable, so that it-the improvedsystem-'shall be as reasonably perfect in a sanitary sense as it ispossible to make it.

In the followingl description, the improvements in connection withsewerage systems, and their ventilation, are comprised.

The system of sewers, drains, soil pipes, with Itheir tributaries andaccessories, at

present in vogue, is, as stated, often hyaienically extremely defective,the means adopted for effecting the functions they are intended toperform, such4 as the prevention cf access of foul air or gases -fromthem int-o houses, or into the atmosphere about houses, being faulty. Inother words, the `methods l adopted are incomplete as regards obtaininga reasonably complete sanitary or pure condition ofthe'drains andsewers, and the rendering of houses reasonably immune against the entryof sewer or drain gases, which are deleterious to health, and :sometimesdangerous to life, ..fliiidfurthermord the Same vnomically arrested,

defects exist with regard to the atmosphere about or in the immediatevicinity of houses and in the streets, in that the present system doesnot in many cases prevent this atmosphere `from being polluted to adegree which is not only objectionable, but inimical to health.

There have been numerous vand various efforts made from time to time toventilate drains and sewers, by arrangingandjconstructing them, andtheir accessories,iin a manner that the ventilation should be effective,and that the sewage gas nuisances which now frequently invade houses,and are present about houses and in the streets, should be rendered asreasonably non-existent, and as harmless in a sanitary sense as possibleg but, as` stated, these either do not accomplish the objects aimed at,or the systems or proposals have been such that if adopted, the costwould beso greatthat there is no practical possibility of their adoptionin towns and districts; and an additional object of the presentinvention to that of accomplishing" true safety and sanitariness, isthat of providing such a system and means as can be applied generally totowns, urban districts, houses, and other buildings, and the like, atsuch an expense as shall render their adoption practicable. Moreover, incases where drains and .sewers cannot be laid at self-cleansinggradients so as to prevent deposits, and where in consequence the air oratmosphere will be impure within them, the object and effect of lVhilethis system largely practically involves the reversal of existingmethods, yet

notwithstanding this radical change, it can` be readilyadapted toexisting old,vor to proposed new drainage and sewerage works, wl'xethersuch works are on the combined or l dual, or on the separate system.

In the system comprised hereunder every portion of domestic, or otherliquid waste waters, whether separate from or combined with rainfall-nomatter how small or large these may be, can be automatically and ecountlany predetermined volume of'them isaccumulated, and this latter canafterward be made yto pass away speedily and elfectually in suflcientbulk to cause it to flush the drains etc., into and through which it isdischarged to the ythe present methods or means is to render j publicsewers. By thus systematically utilizing the driblets of the wastefluids of, houses and other buildings, and the rain waters falling uponthem for flushing purposes, enormous volumes of potable waters, whichare new used and literally wasted for drain and sewer iiusllingpurposes, can be saved, wherever the English water carriage system ofsewage removal is in vogue. lvloreover by systeinatically utilizing thewaste land rainfall waters of houses and other bilildings in the mannerstated above, enorifnous 'volumes of 4fresh air will be induced tocirculate within all the waste pipes connected to the drainagearrangements of houses and buildings to ventilato them. This additionalventilation being derived from plenun'i and vacuum forces which,accordingto the principles now described, can always be generated vbyjudiciously manipulating the sewage and rainfall resources of houses andother buildings, and converting themcontinuously into invisible buteffectual powers for accomplishing that special and most importanthygienic purpose. Furthermore as intimated already in this system, allthe liquids of a house, building, or the like, flow through shortlengths of small drains sharply graded, to a collector, in connectionwith "the house or building, and they` are there stored, while quitefresh until the apparatus is filled; and then-the whole voliiine vofliquid so collected is sent down thri'iugh the drains in a body to thesewer. f ,llhellbeneiicial sanitary effects of the continuous selfactive working of the automatic house-sewage collector and ejectorapparatus, both hydraulically and pneumatically, that is, as regards itscleansing action, and the promotion of ventilation, and the manner inwhich it is accomplished, are hereafter explained.

j' Regarding the improvements connected with the ventilation of sewagesystems, in this system, fresh air is constantly caused to pass downthrough the house soil pipes, ventilating pipes, house drains,intercepter chambers, street gullies, and other parts, to `the sewer,and so a more or less constant changing of the atmosphere of, andintroduction of fresh air into, the soil pipes,

ventilating pipes, drains, sewers, etc., is obtained;y and this isaugmented as much as possible by thecolumns of air which will be causedto pass down the soil and Ventilating pipes into the drains, and throughthese into the sewers, by the fall and flow of liquids through them ashereinafter explained.

j The invention will be further described in connection with theaccompanying drawings, which illustrate it.

In these drawings, Figure l. is a sectional elevation, showing thedrains, conduits, and other parts Land apparatus, connected with a'house, arranged and constructed to operate according to this invention.Figs. 2, 3 and l-A, are, respectively, longitudinal sectional elevation,cross section, and plan of the hydraulic collector and ejectorapparatus, and the intercepter; and Figs. 5, 6, 6a and 7 are,respectively, longitudinal section, cross sections at the lines A A andB B Fig. 5, and plan of a modified form of the hydraulic collector andejector. Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively, a sectional elevation of thevalve, and a front elevation showing a detail of the saine.

v)referring now to these drawings, and more particularly to Fig. l, l isthe main or street sewer; 2 is the hydraulic collector and ejectorapparatus; 3 4is the intercepter; and

is the inspection or junction chamber connected with it. 5 are the soilpipes, 6 the \'entilating pipes on theni,and 7 the various 'house drainsleading between the house and the various parts, and the sewer l. rIhesewer `l will have connected with it means for artificially creating ararefaction of the atmosphere within it, so that a constant tendency offlow of air through the drains to it, is maintained; and in this systemit-the air--is caused to pass down through the ventilating pipes G, andsoil pipes 5, into those of the house drains 7 which are connected withthem. rfhe house drains will be mostly connected with and discharge intothe hydraulic collector and ejector 2, but some of them will be joinedto the main drain 7 at the inspection junction chamber 4 which adjoinsthe ventilated intercepter 3, as shown in Fig. l; and from the hydrauliccollector land ejector 2, the air introduced inthe system passes downthe house drains 7 between it and the intercepter, and this air whichreaches the inspection junction chamber ilis mostly caused to passthence down through the house drain 7 into the sewer l. "he flow of thisair, in this manner, from the hydraulic collector and ejector 2 to thehouse drains 7 is effected by the provision of a small separate air pipel5, that may be called the by-pass air pipe of the ventilatedhiterccpter 3, which has upon it a reflux valve 1G of the characterhereinafter described, and which permits of the air fiowing freely in adirection toward the sewer l, but which checks it in the oppositedirection. The connection of the p'ipe 15 `with the ejector 2, and thehouse drains 7, will be at points on the house and the sewer side,respectively, of the siphon discharge and trap portion of this ejector2. A similar air pipe l5 provided on the intercepter 3, and connects thetwo sides of its seal above the liquid level. The general action ofthissystem therefore, is that all, or a large proporfilled by the sewagedischarges of a moderate sized house, situated in London for example,where the water-supply averages about 35 gallons per day. lVhen full, itis caused to automatically discharge as hereinafter described, and thewholecontents low in va body down the house drains 7 to the intercepter3, and thence through it direct into the sewer 1. The effect of this isthat the house drains .7 between the collector ejector 2 and the sewer lare thoroughly flushed and cleaned, and a large volume of air is alsothereby caused to pass' down through the ventilating pipes 6 and soilpipes 5 and drains 7, causing a pneumatic sweeping and `flushing oit'the drains, pipes, and apparatus, following directly on the dischargingaction of the house-sewage ejector.` Separate and full descriptions ofthese Various arts of the apparatus will now be given.

Regarding the house sewage hydraulic collector ejectors 2-shown indetail in Figs. 2 to 4-tliese are so constructed and adapted to work,that intermittent actions, having the character' of small collections,and rapid subsequent flushings or discharges, talre place; whichasstated, not only serve to produce artificial currents of 'sewage orwater, but also as an aspirator and forcer of Ventilating air in thevarious pipes, drains,`

and sewers. The auto-matic hydraulic col- .lector and ejector consistsof a closed Vessel 2, which, at one part, is connected by an inletconduit 21 with the house drain or drains 7,

which enter it from above, and some distance above the discharge level;and at an-A other part has a siphonic discharge conduit 22, and atrapped outlet Q3, connected with the house drain 7 on the sewer side,or with the sewer. At the bottom of the short leg yis the trap 23, whilethe long leg is connected with the public sewer. In connection with thisejector apparatus, air flow and ventilatiiig conduits 15, with a refluxvalve 16 on them-see Figs. 2 and 4l-will be used con* nectiiig the topof the ejector Q with the house drains 7 on the sewer side of itfor thepurposes already described.

In an advantageous arrangement of the ejector, it should be fixed withinthe curtilagos of the premises of the house or houses draining into it,inthe position best suited' for short circuiting, so to say, the drainswhich carry sewage to it; so that the col-- lecting drains 7 convergingat or near to the ejector chamber 13, can be made short in length anderfectl in 0frade or declination t; n P c to insure the quick flow of'the minimum, as well as the maxinium'volume of sewage to the ejector.This apparatus will be formed so as to be capable of self-cleansing-sayhopper shape, as 'will also be all the conduits `and parts connectedwith it; and the inlet and outlet pipes carrying sewage into and out ofthe ejector should not be less kit will give a sudden rise of level ofliquid in the inlet pipe 21 between the ejector 2 and the feeder pipes7, 5; and this sudden supply of liquid, and rise in this portion 21 oithe pipes, must be and is, after the body of the ejector is filled withsewage, suiiicient to raise the level, instanter, to the highest levelneeded to force enough of sewage or water over the top end of the shortleg ot the siplion into and down the long leg, before the siphon can bemade to discharge yand act properly. And by the use oit this type ofejector, its proper siplionic action can be and is insured by the suddendischarge in comparatively small volumes of sewage or water into theejector inlet 21, or the drain communicating with it. The sewage orwater enters at the back end, and where it falls, the body is inclined.,as shown, so that the falling sewage or water tends to cleanse this end.

The discharge bend 24C of the discharge siphoii 22-see Figs. 2 to4*should be above the top of. the ejector body 2; and there is providedat the cover 25 of the ejector, and air way 6G communicating between thepipe 21, the body oit the ejector, and the by-pass pipe 15. The bottomof the ejector body may be gutter-shaped in cross section, shown, lorthe promotion of the self-cleansing effect;

As an illustration of the application of this invention, when one .houseor building which to be drained on the new system, is occupied by sixpersons, for example, and another house is to be drainedv upon it, whichis occupied by ten persons, and the dry weather flow of sewage on theaverage from each person is equal to 30 gallons per day, or respectively180 and 300 gallons per day per house, an ejector of 10 gallonscapacity-which is a suitable average capacity-fixed at each house wouldsu'lhce to receive and eject the sewage discharges promptly andcoinpactly from each into the public sewer with which the drainage oiteach house would be connected. In the one case, the eject-or would befilled and emptied eighteen times, and inthe other case it would befilled and emptied thirty times per day, anl each ejector would befilled as rapidly or as slowly as the sewage would be dischargedv intothe apparatus from each house, but each ejector would discharge into themain or other drain large volumes of sewage which would suiliice to tillthe drain full bore; and so continuous until the whole contents of theapparatus would be exhausted; and such operations would obviouslvY bemost benelicial in the lushineV and' the intercepter trap 3 and chamber8, will,

ployed; and it may be ot the forni hereinalter described. But, in somecases, as irlicre new drainage works are planned, the ector may be madeto take the place ot' the ordinary intercepters, as well as perli'ormits own lunctions, and it may be placed as tar 'from the public sewer aspossible, and so the excavation required ilor iiXing it in itsmaiiholcflike chamber would be less than if done as .intercepters now invogue are ar rangeifl at the bottoni end ot the main drain oli thehouse; and, moreover, with conduits or pi pes ot l: inches in diameterthis main drain need not be laid at a steeper gradient in the directionol` the sewer than about l in G5. ln cases where the intercepter and itschamber, as usually employed, are dispensed with., the pipes T whichnormally lead to it will be let to the ejector collector 2, which, :isstated, iv'll perform the function oi.2 both.

wWith. regard to the cases as above described, where interiiepterchambers 8, and traps 3, are employed, and into wnich drainage, or someor the drainage or iva 4er from different parts of a house, or separatebuildings, is discharged, the pipes and conduits within these chamberswill j neferably all be closed Fig. Q--and the various pipes led to apoint where they would be provided with a readily removed and fixed lid2'?, of any known suitable kind, and placed on the house side of Jtheiiitercepter trap 3; while the cover 28 of the manhole or chamber S maybe a ventilated one. The trap B consists of a box-shaped clnimber,having a curved lower bend into which dips a septum 18, extending fromthe top; and the inlet from the drain 7 to this .intercepter trap 3lafoulffl be above the discharge level-wiz., the drain Tuoi" the trap onthe sewer side; while the body of the trap carried up above this point,and the two sides oit' it on the opposite sides ott the septum. areconnected together by the ventilating or supply conduit l5, with areflux valve 16 on it. By this construction, when the intercepter trapreceives a. charge oit liquid, the Alevel on the inlet side ol" the apwould be suddenly raised 'i the trap being ol about the same sectionalarea as tl e drain pipes-and this will produce a sudden discharge, andflushing and sell-oleausingaction.

ln the modified form. of hydraulic ejector 2 shown in Figs. to 7, awater trap is provided at the 'bottom of the long leg of the siplion 22,and this rap 25 is so made that ity does not lill the inch diameteredtrap pipe opening between the bottom oi the long leg of the siphon andthe main drain 7. The object and eilect et' this trap are twofold,namely, that by having the aerial opening in the trap E25, directly. thesewage waters overflow 'from the short leg to the long leg of thesiplion 22, the falling waters drive the air in front of them freelythrough this air opening in the trap 25 into the drain 7, and by sodoing, a partial vacuum is created behind them, which causes the waterin the ejector body Q to rise quickly over the top of the siphon bend2li, and so immediately fall down the long leg, and lill the air openingin the trap 25; and they also rise rapidly above that openingsufficiently to force the water in the trap 25 in bulk out ol it intothe drain 7. ln this way, the ifacuum will beauginented, and its powerwill. be effectual in causing the whole contents of the tank or ejectorto be discharged speedily in the drain 7.

ln all forms ol ejectors, not only the ejector caused to start work whenlilled to the right height, but its ceasing to work is also assured whenits charge has been ejected out of it into the drain leading to thesewer, as the air passing through the iniiuX from the house side of theSiphon will insure this,

lllith regard to the construction of the reflux valve 16 on the airpipes 15-shown in detail in El and Q-Itlie valve proper isinarked (SO,and is normally so made that it is adapted to be opened by the currentof air, as described, :tio-wing down from the house drains toward thesewer, and to be closed by :i flow in the opposite direction, lt shouldbe light, so that a small current of air or pressure would open it, and,convcrsely, a very small current close it; and it can. be placed at anangle, as shown, say about 850, so that its weight will bring it on toits seat (il. The material of the Valve and scat should be such thatdoesnot oXidiZe readily in moist atmosphere, such as that which exists .insewers and drains, nor attacked by sullid oi hydrogen, or carbonic acidor other'gas, so that its durability and iuicorrodible .character may berelied upon. fliurtlierinore, in order that the ventilation of thedrains should not cease in case of the pressure oit air being so low aswill not open the valve, that is, move it oli its seat, a small hole 62,say about lftli of an inch or Q-thsof a inch, may be provided throughthe valve, so that a stream el air will pass through this hole from theone side, namely trom the house side in the intercepter trap orhydraulic ejector or the like to the drain on the sewer side; and insuch a. case, by the il'low being continuous, although through a small.hole, the volume entering and passing mosphere of the drains and thesewers in a condition which is not dangerous, should any of suchatmosphere escape either intoa` house, or into the street or road about.But, obviously, when the i'low and pressure of the air suchas will bethe case under normal conditions-that the vare is opened, then thevolume passed through the drains will be much greater, and such as toproduce a constant aerial flushing, so that a higher and betterventilating or airing and purifying effect is obtained. Should, on theother hand, there be a back pressure or How of air Jfrom the drainsthrough the filling of the sewers with sewage or rainfall or both, theback flow to the drains on thel house side is restricted to that whichpasses through the small hole; and, in any event, as, prior to theclosing of the valve through this cause, the drains on the sewer sidewould be lilled with a fresh and not foul atmosphere, a small proportionor percentage of such air entering the house drains vwill not produce anevil effect, even should it enter the house; and for the reason that thequantity of air passing through the small hole to the house drains onthe house side is small, it will not be such as'to contaminate the airin them, or the parts connected with them, to such a degree as to renderit dangerous. The volume of air passing through the hole will be about1000 times less than that which would pass where the ventilation iseffected by a house drain of4-inch diamter, as is generally done.

W'ith regard to the form ot the reflux valve'itself, this may be made asshown, out of this sheet metal, or alloy of a character such as referredto, and their seats may be made of similar material; and it will besuspended on bearings 63, such as that of the knife edge type, orpoints, and so as to open and shut with the least movement of air. l Insome cases, instead of the small hole being provided in the valve, itmay be formed in the seat, or in any-suitable or convenient part orpoint; while in other cases, where desired, no hole for the return llowof air need be used.

lllhat is claimed is l. In a sewerage system, a Siphon collectorapparatus, drains on the building side of the collector apparatus,drains on the sewer side of the collector apparatus, an air pipeconnecting the drains on one side of the collector apparatus with thedrains on the other side of the said collector apparatus, and anautomatic valve in the airv pipe, whereby when the sewerage is siphonedthrough the collector.apparatus a partial vacuum is created in the airpipe and opens the automatic valve and air introduced into the buildingdrain will be drawn into and through the sewer drains, and subsequentlysaid valve automatically closes to prevent air in the drains on thesewerage side of the collector apparatus passing into the drains on thebuilding side ot said collector apparatus.

2. In a sewerage system, a sewer, a hydraulic collector ejectorapparatus of the rapid discharge type, drains connected to the buildingside ot the apparatus, drains connected to the sewer side of theapparatus, and an air pipe communicating with the building side of theapparatus and the drains on the sewer side ot' said apparatus, a valvein said pipe, whereby the rapid discharge of the contents of theapparatus creates minus pressure in the drains on the sewer side of theapparatus and opens the valve and admits atmospheric air from the housedrainsto said sewer drains to accelerate the How of the sewage and toclean and flush the drains with fresh air, and means for automaticallyclosing the valve when pressure in the pipe is normal.

3. In a sewerage system, a sewer, a hydraulic collector ejectorapparatus, an intercepter, drains connecting the ejector apparatus andintercepter, a drain connecting the intercepter and. the sewer, meansfor creating a minus pressure in the drain, connecting the ejectorapparatus and the intercepter to facilitate the flow of sewage, meansi'or automatically introducing atmospheric air into the last Lmentioneddrain, a pipe connected with the intercepter and the drain between thelatter and the sewer, a valve in said pipe, and means for automaticallyclosing said valve, whereby when sewerage passes through the drain fromthe intercepter, a supply of air will be drawn through the pipe, and thevalve will be subsequently closed and prevent foul air from the seweragepassing to the intercepter.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this speciiication in thepresence ot two subscribing witnesses.

ISAAC SHONE.

ldlitnesses SAMUEL JOI-N EARL, CI-rAs. J. FALcoNnR.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patenti.

Washington, D. C.

